Tucked away on the northern coast of the island of Borneo lies a small but remarkable country—Brunei Darussalam. Often overshadowed by its larger neighbors Malaysia and Indonesia, Brunei is a hidden gem of Southeast Asia that boasts rich cultural heritage, pristine rainforests, and a peaceful way of life. Whether you're planning a visit or simply curious about the country, here's everything you need to know about Brunei Darussalam.
A Quick Overview
Brunei Darussalam, officially known as The Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a small, independent country located on the island of Borneo. It is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sarawak and faces the South China Sea. With a population of just over 450,000, it is one of the wealthiest nations in Asia in terms of GDP per capita, thanks largely to its abundant oil and gas reserves.
Governance and Stability
Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah, one of the world's longest-reigning monarchs. The Sultan is both the head of state and the head of government. Brunei’s political system is unique, blending Islamic values with Malay traditions and British-influenced administration.
The country is known for its safety, cleanliness, and political stability, making it one of the safest places to visit in Southeast Asia.
Culture and Religion
The national philosophy of Malay Islamic Monarchy (Melayu Islam Beraja or MIB) plays a central role in Brunei's identity. The official religion is Islam, and the country observes Shariah Law, although it is implemented in a way that respects the multicultural makeup of the population.
Despite being a Muslim-majority country, Brunei is home to various ethnic groups including Malays, Chinese, Indigenous groups like the Tutong and Dusun, and expatriates. This diversity is reflected in the country’s cuisine, traditions, and festivals.
Language
The official language is Malay (Bahasa Melayu), but English is widely spoken, especially in business, education, and tourism. You’ll also hear Chinese dialects and indigenous languages in different parts of the country.
Natural Beauty
Brunei is a paradise for nature lovers. Around 70% of the country is covered in lush rainforest, much of it untouched. The Ulu Temburong National Park, accessible only by boat, offers a unique ecotourism experience with treetop walkways, waterfalls, and exotic wildlife. The Brunei River, mangroves, and coastal areas also provide opportunities to spot proboscis monkeys, crocodiles, and migratory birds.
Unique Attractions
Kampong Ayer (Water Village): Known as the "Venice of the East," this centuries-old settlement on stilts showcases traditional Bruneian life along the Brunei River.
Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque: A stunning mosque often regarded as one of the most beautiful in Asia.
Jame’ Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque: The largest mosque in Brunei with 29 golden domes.
Istana Nurul Iman: The Sultan’s official residence and the world’s largest residential palace.
Royal Regalia Museum: A fascinating place to learn about the Sultanate and view royal treasures.
Economy and Wealth
Brunei's wealth comes primarily from its oil and gas industry, which contributes the majority of its GDP. The government provides free healthcare, education, and subsidized housing to its citizens, resulting in a high standard of living.
While efforts are being made to diversify the economy, Brunei has managed to maintain no personal income tax, low crime rates, and excellent infrastructure.
Tourism: Slow But Steady
Brunei isn’t your typical tourist hotspot—but that’s part of its charm. Tourism is more focused on eco-adventures, cultural exploration, and spiritual retreat. Visitors enjoy the serenity, absence of crowds, and genuine hospitality of the Bruneian people.